Gruvdrift
Litiumkedja
Brine vs hård bergart, konverteringsflaskhalsar och kapacitet för batteriklassad raffinering.
⚠ Brinekoncentration och hydroxidkonvertering
Viktiga flaskhalsar
- Lithium brine extractionMining
Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia hold the majority of low-cost brine resources; permitting and water rights constrain expansion.
Relaterade tickers: SQM, ALB
- Direct lithium extraction (DLE)Processing
Commercial DLE capacity remains limited; reagent and resin supply is concentrated.
- Lithium hydroxide conversionRefining
China dominates spodumene conversion; Western refinery build-out lags mine supply.
- Water & renewable powerUtilities
Arid salars face community and regulatory pressure on water use.