Technology
Quantum computing
Cryogenics, control electronics, and superconducting qubit fabrication.
⚠ Dilution refrigerators & helium-3
Key chokepoints
- Dilution refrigeratorsCryogenics
Only a few vendors build production-grade dilution fridges; lead times exceed a year.
Related tickers: IBM
- Helium-3 & cryogenic supplyMaterials
Helium supply shocks raise operating costs and downtime risk for cryogenic systems.