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Mining

Nickel supply chain

Laterite and sulfide routes, Indonesian HPAL, and cathode precursor demand from EVs.

⚠ Indonesia HPAL & class-1 nickel

Key chokepoints

  • Indonesian laterite HPALProcessing

    Indonesia dominates new laterite capacity; HPAL ramp-ups face acid and power constraints.

    Related tickers: VALE

  • Sulfuric acid & HPAL reagentsChemicals

    Regional acid logistics bottleneck HPAL commissioning schedules.

  • Nickel sulfate & precursor chemicalsRefining

    China hosts most precursor capacity; Western cathode plants depend on imported intermediates.

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