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Technology

Gallium & germanium

China-heavy refining, Europe specialty gases, and RF/power semiconductor demand.

China refining & EU industrial gas links

Key chokepoints

  • Gallium refiningRefining

    China dominates gallium refining, so export controls can quickly squeeze GaN and RF device supply.

  • Germanium purificationMaterials

    Germanium refining is concentrated and tied to a small number of specialty processors in Europe and China.